Mitchelville House - Freedmen's Town

by Mary Ann Artz

Title

Mitchelville House - Freedmen's Town

Artist

Mary Ann Artz

Medium

Photograph - Photograph

Description

Before the Emancipation Proclamation was signed in 1863 and at the height of the Civil War, a group of escaped slaves, considered “contraband of war,” set about creating their own town on the grounds of the former Drayton Plantation on Hilton Head Island, South Carolina. Here Union General Ormsby Mitchel, created an actual town – instead of one of the more prevalent camps – with orderly streets, simple but accommodating wooden homes, a church, and most importantly, gave its inhabitants the freedom to govern themselves.

The newly minted citizens went about their business with elections, enacting various laws, collecting taxes, making a living, and naming their town “Mitchelville,” in honor of the forward-thinking General Mitchel. A compulsory education law for children was enacted— most likely the first such law in the South.

Today, over 150 years after the Civil War began, local Gullah, direct descendents of Mitchelville, carry on the traditions of their history-making ancestors and work with a diverse group of Islander’s to preserve and promote Mitchelville and its story of freedom.

This photo shows an example of a Mitchelville house, which also would have included a garden plot for raising vegetables.

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September 30th, 2018

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